Thank you so much for your question Rosa.
Sciatic injury is sort of an open ended definition. To best answer your question, I should first give you two definitions. First, the sciatic nerve is a thick nerve which runs down the back of your leg, and exits the spine between your 5th lumbar vertebra and your sacrum. Sciatic pain, or sciatica is a global term which relates to any pain associated with that nerve. Some people mistakenly call any pain radiating into the leg sciatica- it is really only pain going down the back of the thigh (The front and sides of your thigh are actually a different nerve.)
There are lots of ways in which a nerve can be injured, but sciatic pain is less often the result of nerve injury than it is due to irritation of the nerve by one of its adjacent structures. There are three common causes of sciatic pain. One is L5S1 disc herniation, where the disc has extended beyond its’ normal location, and encroached upon the space where the nerve travels. The second is stenosis, where arthritis, disc degeneration, or other anomaly has caused the hole through which the nerve travels to become reduced in diameter. The third, and in my practice the most common is when a short thick triangular muscle called the piriformis goes into spasm, causing it to thicken in its center and compress the pathway through which the nerve travels through the buttocks.
An actual injury to the nerve can be caused by a trauma, and prolonged compression from any one of the three sources above can cause damage as well resulting in pain, altered sensation, and in really bad cases loss of muscle strength associated with that nerve.
I hope that answers your question. There are some great posts here on how to reduce sciatic pain including this one which describes an effective piriformis stretch. Check back periodically for new tips & suggestions.
Again, thanks for your question.
-Andy
Stay tuned for a new "One Thing" tomorrow featuring an expert from the Ayengar Institute.
